Why is the design standard for retaining walls crucial at heights exceeding a certain measurement?

The design standard for retaining walls becomes particularly critical at greater heights primarily because these walls must be capable of withstanding significant lateral pressure exerted by soil and water. As the height of a retaining wall increases, the weight of the soil it retains also increases, resulting in greater forces acting upon the wall structure.

Adequate design standards help ensure that the wall can handle these pressures without failing, such as by toppling or sliding. This consideration is vital not just for the longevity of the wall, but also for safety, as failure of a retaining wall can lead to extensive property damage and pose risks to life.

While factors such as aesthetic considerations, drainage efficiency, and material optimization are relevant in wall design, they are secondary to the primary structural integrity and the ability to resist the pressure that comes from the retained material.