What term describes the process where moisture leads to salts emerging on masonry?

The term that describes the process where moisture causes salts to emerge on masonry is efflorescence. This phenomenon occurs when water-soluble salts, usually from within the masonry itself or from the surrounding soil, dissolve and are carried to the surface by moisture. When the moisture evaporates, these salts are left behind, resulting in a white, powdery residue on the surface of the brick, stone, or concrete.

Efflorescence is often a sign of moisture problems in masonry and can indicate that there is excess water in the system, often due to poor drainage, rising damp, or other sources of water intrusion. Identifying efflorescence is essential for home inspectors, as it can lead to more significant issues if not addressed, such as deterioration of the masonry material or structural integrity.

The other terms involve different processes. Spalling refers to the chipping or flaking of masonry or concrete surfaces, often due to freeze-thaw cycles or corrosion of embedded metals. Condensation involves the formation of water droplets when warm, moisture-laden air cools and loses its capacity to hold water, which can lead to mold growth or damage but is not related to salt formation. Hydrolysis is a chemical process that involves the reaction of water with minerals