What occurs on brick masonry when water moves through a wall bringing out salts to the surface?

Efflorescence is a phenomenon that occurs when water travels through brick masonry, bringing soluble salts along with it. As this water reaches the surface of the brick, it evaporates, leaving the salts behind. The result is a white, powdery residue that is often seen on the surface of the masonry. This happens because the water, during its movement, dissolves salts that are present in the masonry or soil and then leads them to the surface where evaporation occurs, precipitating the salts out.

The presence of efflorescence is indicative of moisture problems in masonry materials. Addressing the underlying moisture issues is important to prevent further damage, as excessive moisture can lead to deterioration of the masonry itself. Understanding efflorescence is crucial for home inspectors, as it can signal potential moisture intrusion or water management problems in a building's structure.