What is the purpose of grounding in electrical systems?

The purpose of grounding in electrical systems primarily revolves around safety and protection from hazards, particularly those caused by transient over-voltages, such as those experienced during lightning strikes. Grounding creates a path for excess voltage to safely dissipate into the earth rather than passing through sensitive equipment, potentially causing damage or creating hazardous conditions. By providing this direct pathway, grounding significantly reduces the risk of electrical shocks and damage to electrical components, ensuring the stability and safety of the entire system.

In the context of lightning, grounding serves to redirect and dissipate the tremendous energy that can otherwise lead to catastrophic failures or fires. Therefore, option B accurately captures this critical safety function of grounding in electrical systems.