A column primarily supports loads acting vertically. This is a fundamental function of columns in structural engineering and architecture. Vertical loads include the weight of structures above the column, such as floors, roofs, and other components, which are transmitted down through the column to the foundation.
Columns are designed to carry these vertical loads efficiently, ensuring stability and integrity of the structure. They are essential in maintaining the balance of the building by resisting bending and lateral forces, but their main role is to transfer vertical loads.
The other options mention different types of loads, but they do not reflect the primary purpose of a column. While columns may indirectly play a role in handling other aspects, such as loads from roof trusses, or side loads in certain situations, their main structural purpose is to support vertical loads.